Energy and Climate Policy

Providing clear, quantitative understanding of costs, benefits, and impacts of energy and climate policies across the economy.

Policymakers and regulators face important choices about how to achieve environmental and policy goals while keeping energy reliable and affordable. E3 brings economy-wide modeling and a clear understanding of energy economics, technology, and regulation to those decisions, across buildings, transportation, industry, electricity, fuels, and negative emissions technologies.

How does a jurisdiction reach its climate goals, and what will it take to get there? Where do near-term trajectories intersect mid- and long-term targets? We build near-term scenarios that are constrained by real-world economics, customer choices, and policy constraints. We build long-term decarbonization scenarios across the whole economy, testing them against the realities of equipment stock turn over, infrastructure build rates and the operational constraints of the electric system. We then help clients translate that analysis into climate action plans and the specific policies that can move the needle.

This work has shaped state climate targets, regulatory actions, carbon pricing programs, and clean energy standards. E3 has supported dozens of states on comprehensive decarbonization planning, along with multi-state coalitions, federal programs, cities, non-profits, and utilities. With deep expertise across every part of the energy sector, our consultants offer a rare, system-wide view grounded in experience.

How we support

Energy and climate policy

State energy plans and long-term scenarios

Multi-sector analysis of how a state's energy system evolves, covering demand growth, resource needs, reliability, affordability, and emissions.

Economy-wide decarbonization modeling

Long-term PATHWAYS modeling across all sectors to quantify emissions, technology deployment, costs, and tradeoffs on the way to a state or national target.

Climate and scoping plans

Technical analysis behind state scoping plans, climate action plans, and federal grant deliverables, including greenhouse gas inventories, near-term measure assessment, and the move from planning into implementation.

Energy affordability analysis

Household and business energy costs by income, geography, building type, and fuel, and how policy choices change them.

Policy design and evaluation

Analysis of carbon pricing, clean energy standards, clean fuel standards, clean heat standards, incentives, and shifting federal policy, including cost, emissions, and distributional effects.

Strategy and impact analysis

Assessment of how energy and climate policy affects investment, asset values, utility operations, and rates for public and private clients.

Who we work with

Across energy and climate policy

State energy and environmental agencies

Decarbonization scenarios and scoping plans for the agencies that set and implement state climate targets. GHG inventory updates to improve on data gaps. State agency strategy on emerging topics.